如何使用修飾語
英文“modifiers”(修飾語)的詞根是“modify”,其含義是改變某物。修飾語的作用就是改變、澄清、強調或限制句子中的詞彙或短語。修飾語可以是單字、片語或子句,能夠起到形容詞或副詞的作用。
- 形容詞
- I want a delicious sandwich for lunch.
- 副詞
- You have to run fast to get there in time.
- 定語從句
- She is the one who knows the recipe.
什麼是錯置修飾語?
錯置修飾語是指在修飾單字、片語或分句時,修飾語的位置不對。修飾語通常應當緊鄰它要描述的詞。當修飾語被錯置時,它就修飾錯了地方。
- 錯誤
- She met a new friend working at the school.
- 正確
- She met a new friend while working at the school.
- 正確
- She met a new friend who works at the school.
上例中的錯誤寫法導致句子的意思含糊,因為搞不清楚修飾語“working at the school”是修飾“a new friend”還是“She”。
那句話可以表示以下兩個意思:
1. 她在學校工作的時候遇到了一個新朋友。
2. 她遇到了一個在學校工作的新朋友。
- 錯誤
- He said after New Year’s day he will stop smoking.
- 正確
- He said that, after New Year’s day, he will stop smoking.
- 正確
- He said after New Year’s day that he will stop smoking.
限制性修飾語
限制性修飾語是對所修飾的詞的含義進行限制。
英文中的almost, hardly, nearly, just, only, merely是一些常用的限制性修飾語。限制性修飾語應當緊鄰放在它們所修飾的詞的前面。如果把限制性修飾語與它所修飾的詞分開,會造成修飾關係不清晰和令人迷惑。
- 例句
- Only she wants to go out.
She only wants to go out.
在上例中,由於限制性修飾語(only )在句中所處位置不同,句子的意思會完全改變。
第一句話表示在所有的人當中,她是唯一一個想出去的人。第二句話則表示她唯一想做的事情就是出去。這兩個句子在語法上都正確,但它們卻具有完全不同的意思。
- 例句
- I almost won $500.
I won almost $500.
在上例中,第一句話表示我差點就贏了500美元,但實際沒有贏。第二句話表示我贏的錢接近500美元。
如何糾正錯位修飾語
糾正錯位修飾語的方法很簡單,就是把修飾語放在正確的位置即可,即把修飾語放在它要修飾的名詞, 代名詞, 形容詞或動詞的前面或後面。
- 錯誤
- The politician was interviewed after the crime was committed by the reporters.
- 正確
- The politician was interviewed by the reporters after the crime was committed.
- 錯誤
- The girl walked the dog in the red sweater.
- 正確
- The girl in the red sweater walked the dog.
- 錯誤
- Though hungry and cold, the food was left untouched by the students.
- 正確
- Though hungry and cold, the students did not touch the food.
什麼是懸垂修飾語?
在有懸垂修飾語的句子中,修飾語所修飾的主詞被省略,導致主詞可能會用錯。 當修飾語放在句首時,被修飾語修飾的主語應該緊隨其後。
- 錯誤
- Walking through the forest, a wolf appeared in front of her.
- 正確
- Walking through the forest, she encountered a wolf.
在上例中,穿過森林的不是狼,而是她。因此,主句的主詞應該改為她。
- 錯誤
- Upon entering the room, the food came into her sight.
- 正確
- Upon entering the room, she saw the food.
在上例中,進房間的不是食物,而是她。因此,主句的主詞應該改為她。
如何糾正懸垂修飾語
有兩種方法可以糾正懸垂修飾語的錯誤。一般來講,可以改變主句的主詞,把主詞緊挨著放在修飾語短語的後面。另一種解決辦法是把主詞加到修飾語短語中。
改變主句的主詞
將主句的主詞改為修飾語要修飾的那個詞。
修改修飾語短語
把主詞放在修飾語短語中,維持主句原樣不變。
- 錯誤
- Not having finished the assignment, the game could not begin.
- 正確
-
Not having finished the assignment, I could not begin the game.
Since I did not finish the assignment, the game could not begin.
- 錯誤
- Cold and hungry, the dinner was devoured by the boys.
- 正確
-
Cold and hungry, the boys devoured the dinner.
The boys, who were cold and hungry, devoured the dinner.