This paper + [use the verb that originally followed “aims to”] or This paper + (any other verb listed above as a substitute for “explain”) + who/what/when/where/how X. For example:
“This paper applies X to Y,” instead of, “This paper aims to apply X to Y.”
“This paper explores how lower sun exposure impacts moods,” instead of, “This paper aims to address the impact of lower sun exposure on moods.”
To introduce the topic of a project or paper
The paper/ study/ article/ work…
Prior research/ investigations…
discusses
presents
surveys
questions
highlights
outlines
features
investigates
To describe the analytical scope of a paper or study
The paper/ study/ article/ work…
Prior research/ investigations…
considers
analyzes
explains
evaluates
interprets
clarifies
identifies
delves into
advances
appraises
defines
dissects
probes
tests
explores
*Adjectives to describe degree can include: briefly, thoroughly, adequately, sufficiently, inadequately, insufficiently, only partially, partially, etc.
To preview other sections of a paper
Section X…
covers
deals with
talks about
outlines
highlights
sketches
assesses
contemplates
[any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “explain,” “analyze,” and “consider” above]
B. 概述主題背景
目的
原有字詞/句子
替換推薦
To discuss the historical significance of a topic
Subject/ Mechanism…
plays an important in [nominalization]
plays a vital role in [nominalization]
Topic significantly/considerably +
influences
controls
regulates
directs
inhibits
constrains
governs
+ who/what/when/where/how…
*In other words, take the nominalized verb and make it the main verb of the sentence.
To describe the historical popularity of a topic
X Theory…
…is widely accepted as…
…is widely used as…
Widely accepted, … [to eliminate the weak be verb]
The preferred…
Commonly/Frequently implemented,… [to eliminate the weak be verb]
The prevailing method for…
To describe the recent focus on a topic
Much attention has been drawn to
…has gained much importance in recent years
Discussions regarding X have dominated research in recent years.
…has appealed to…
…has propelled to the forefront in investigations of Y.
… has dramatically/significantly shaped queries on X in recent years.
…has critically influenced academic dialogue on Y.
To identify the current majority opinion about a topic
The consensus has been that…
Prior research generally confirms that…
Several studies agree that…
Prior research substantiates the belief that…
To discuss the findings of existing literature
Previous studies…
indicate
have documented
have demonstrated
have shown that
contend
purport
suggest
proffer
have proven that
evidence
To express the breadth of our current knowledge-base, including gaps
Much is known about…
But, little is known about…
The academic community has extensively explored X…
Prior research has thoroughly investigated….
However, little research has been conducted to show…
However, prior studies have failed to evaluate/ identify / (any other word suggested to replace “analyze” above)
To segue into expressing your research question
Several theories have been proposed to explain…
To solve this problem, many researchers have tried several methods
Recent/Previous studies have promoted…
Prior investigations have implemented/ queried diverse approaches to…
A number of authors have posited…
C. 描述論文的分析要素
目的
原有字詞/句子
替換推薦
To express agreement between one finding and another
This paper/ study/ investigation
supports
substantiates
confirms
corroborates
underlines
To present contradictory findings
This paper/ study/ investigation
calls into question
challenges
disputes
rebuts
refutes
disproves
debunks
invalidates
rejects
questions
To discuss limitations of a study
The limitations of this paper include:
These investigations, however, disregards…
This method/ approach fails to…
This study only…
…falls short of addressing/ identifying / illustrating…
A drawback/disadvantage of this framework is…
This framework, however, solely pertains to…
D. 討論結果
目的
原有字詞/句子
替換推薦
To draw inferences from results
The data…
These findings…
suggest
show
extrapolate
deduce
surmise
approximate
derive
extract
evidence
To describe observations
[Observed event or result]…
appeared
was observed to
manifested
surfaced
materialized
yielded
generated
perceived
detected
E. 討論研究方法
目的
原有字詞/句子
Recommended Substitute
To discuss methods
This study…
X method…
used
performed
applied
administered
employed
diffused
disseminated
relayed
To describe simulations
A simulation…
was created to…
was used to…
was performed to…
This study/ research…
simulated
replicated
imitated
+
“X environment/ condition to..”
+
[any of the verbs suggested as replacements for “analyze” above]
F. 解釋新研究的影響
目的
原有字詞/句子
替換推薦
To explain the impact of a paper’s findings
This paper/ study/ investigation
demonstrates
shows
illustrates
proves
evidences
strengthens (the position that)
To highlight a paper’s conclusion
This paper/ study/ investigation
establishes
proves
attributes
illustrates
advances (the idea that)
To explain how research contributes to the existing knowledge-base
