2016年 04月 20日

APA (American Psychological Association 6th edition) 格式指南

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論文格式是個困擾很多學生的問題之一,針對不同的領域,例如:人文、藝術,有不同適用的格式。有時候則是不同的期刊有不一樣的格式要求,並沒有說哪種格式打天下。寫論文之前 一定要先問清楚老師或是投稿期刊的格式要求,再開始寫喔!
今天我們要針對APA格式做比較詳細類別的說明,分成Dissertation、Book、Conference proceedings、Encyclopedia article、Newspaper、Report、Press release、Journal。

以下是APA格式的一些簡單範例:

Book: Brookes, R. (2014). Study Guide Little Bird (p. 5). Adelaide: State Ed.
Journal: Esen, E., & Collison, J. (2005). Employee development survey report. Society For Human Resource Management, V(A), 4.
Website: About.com Islam,. (2014). Evils of Gossip and Backbiting in Islam. Retrieved 12 June 2014, from http://islam.about.com/od/familycommunity/a/Gossip-Backbiting.htm

APA (American Psychological Association 6th edition) 格式指南

1. Dissertation

關鍵要點:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title (Level). Institution Name.

Example:

Mahmudur Rahman, K. (2013). GOVERNING THROUGH COERCION AND CONSENT: THE CASE OF THE READY-MADE GARMENTS INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH (PhD). University of Queensland.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

The Government will not tolerate any anarchy and destructive activities in the garment sector (Mahmudur Rahman, 2013)

2. Book

關鍵要點:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title (p. Pages Used). City: Publisher.

Example:

Brookes, R. (2014). Study Guide Little Bird (p. 5). Adelaide: State Ed.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

“Paul Capsis and I spoke about the themes we were interested in exploring and the kind of theatre we wanted to make.” (Brookes, 2014)

3. Conference proceedings

關鍵要點:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. In Publication Title (p. Pages Used). City: Publisher. Retrieved from http://Website URL

Example

Hasan, H., Harijan, K., Ahmed, V., & Ahmed, G. (2013). Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan. In Solutions for Energy Crisis in Pakistan. Islamabad.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example

Organised by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns
Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. (Hasan, Harijan, Ahmed & Ahmed, 2013)

4. Encyclopedia article

關鍵要點:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. In Publication Title. City: Publisher.

Example:

Cramer, D., & Hick, J. (2009). Religious Pluralism. In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Texas: Baylor University.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

based on the notion that the world is religiously ambiguous, such that it can be experienced either religiously or non-religiously, with no compelling proofs for or against any one religious or nonreligious interpretation of the world.

no one religion can lay claim to being the only context for authentic religious experience (Cramer & Hick, 2009)

5. Newspaper

Key:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. Publication Title, p. Pages Used. Retrieved from http://Website URL

Example:

The Daily Telegraph,. (2014). Pub school: Engadine High School students introduced to the right way to behave at the local tavern. Retrieved from http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/pub-school-engadine-high-school-students-introduced-to-the-right-way-to-behave-at-the-local-tavern/story-fni0cx12-1227033365463

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

IT’S an important life lesson you won’t find being taught in the classroom. (The Daily Telegraph, 2014)

6. Report

Key:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title (p. Pages Used). City: Publisher. Retrieved from http://Website URL

Example:

Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries,. (2014). Monthly Oil Market Report July 2014 (p. 1). Austria: Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

The OPEC Reference Basket increased by $2.45 in June to reach $107.89/b. (Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2014)

7. Press release

Key:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Title. (Year Published). Retrieved from http://Website URL

Example:

hermes sac pas cher,. (2014). hermes sac pas cher. Retrieved from http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/images/google.php

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Title, Year Published)

Example:

Joueurs Neymar Lionel Messi Cristiano Ronaldo Zlatan Ibrahimovic David Beckham Wayne Rooney Thiago Silva Marco Verrati Andr茅s Iniesta Falcao Hulk Steven Gerrard Gareth Bale Paul Pogba (hermes sac pas cher, 2014)

8. Journal

Key:

  • Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
  • Black text = text required by the APA style.

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

Template:

Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. Publication TitleVolume number(Issue number), Pages Used. doi:DOI Number

Example:

Esen, E., & Collison, J. (2005). Employee development survey report. Society For Human Resource ManagementV(A), 4.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Template:

(Author Surname, Year Published)

Example:

Research on how poor leadership can effect employee performance. (Esen & Collison, 2005)

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